HMOOB KEEB KWM

Keeb kwm Hmoob muaj raws le nraag nua:

1) Tam Txiv Yawg yog xyoo 3000 BC txug xyoo 1000 BC
2) Tam Peb Moov Nog nyob huv tam Txiv Yawg.
3) Tam Tswb Tshoj yog xyoo 1000 BC txug xyoo 221 BC.
4) Tam Tuam Los Yej yog xyoo 600 AD txug xyoo 1000 AD.
5) Tam Nuj yog xyoo 1000 AD txug 1800 AD.
6) Tam Xov Tshoj yog xyoo 1800 txug naj nub nua.

Nyob huv Txiv Yawg tam hab Peb Moov Nog tam yog 2000 xyoo.

Tswb Tshoj tam yog 779 xyoos.

Qhov tu nyob huv tam Tswb Tshoj hab tam Tuam Los Yej yog 821 xyoos. Tam ntawd lub npe Hmoob pluj le lawm.

Tuam Los Yej tam yog 400 xyoo tab sis tsi paub tas muaj pes tsawg tug huab tais nyob huv tam ntawd.

Nyob huv qee tam kuv xaav tas muaj ntau tug huab tais tab sis yog cov tsi muaj suab npe es txhad tsi raug sau ua keeb kwm.

Nyob huv Txiv Yawg tam muaj Huab Tais Txiv Yawg hab Vaaj Moov Nog.

Huv tam Tswb Tshoj muaj Huab Tais Tswb Tshoj, Tswb Tshej, Tawb Huaj, hab Tswb Koob Pov. Tsi taag le ntawd, muaj Choj Yeej hab tab sis nwg yog ib tug tuab neeg txawj ntse xwb. Nkauj Ntxoo los tsi yog huab tais.

Tam Nuj yog 800 xyoo tab sis tsi muaj huab tais, tsuas muaj Nuj Sis Loob, Nuj toog Nuj Nplhaib Zaag, Nuj Yob moog rua Muam Nkauj Lag, Muam Nkauj See, Puj Tooj Muam Nkauj Faa,Vwj Paaj Yag hab Tsaab Suj Mem tab sis tsi paub sov puab puas yog huab tais.

Tam xov Tshoj muaj Tooj Pov, Paaj Cai, Nplaj Yob Lauj, Tub Npis Lis Foom, Vaaj Pov, hab Yaaj Daus, tab sis puab tsi yog huab tais.
Has txug txaj ntsig los yog nuj nqes ntawm ib tam dlhau ib tam:
1) Kev Vaam Meej
2) Kev Tuag (puam tsuaj)

Tam Txiv Yawg: Hmoob vaam meej kawg nkaus. Suav tua tsi yeej Hmoob tau 2000 xyoo. Suav pum tas Hmoob qhov kws ua rua Suav kov tsi yeej ntawd yog vim Hmoob nyob sib hum xeeb, sib ntseeg, koom teg, muaj cuab yeej zoo, hab Hmoob muaj tsib xwm (keej) sib ntaus sib tua xwb. Suav pum le ntawd, Suav txhad siv tom txwv kom Hmoob sib tawg. Thaum Hmoob sib tawg tsi sib ntseeg tes Hmoob ca le pib sib ntaus sib tua tsi sib hum xeeb, muab sib faib sib cais ua ntau paab ntau pawg tes Hmoob tug zug ca le yau zuj zug moog txug nub Hmoob teb chaws poob taag.

Nyob huv Txiv Yawg lub neej muaj Huam Tij hab Yeem Tij (Suav) nrug Txiv Yawg (Hmoob) sib ntaus sib tua tau ntau caum xyoo tab sis ob tug kuj tua tsi yeej. Thaum kawg muaj ib tug tuab neeg lub npe hu ua “Yeem Lood” tau moog tauv ib lub paag dlej rua peg Txiv Yawg hauv zog. Tug tuab neeg ntawd muab lub paag dlej tso lug nyaab Txiv Yawg lub zog. Qhov xwm txheej ntawd ua rua “Txiv Yawg cov tuab neeg tuag coob kawg nkaus”. Yog le ntawd, Txiv Yawg txhad raug Suav tua tau lawm.

Kuv paub tsi tseeb tas tug tuab neeg kws tso lub paag dlej yog Hmoob los yog suav. Raws le kuv xaav mas tej zag yog Hmoob tab sis nwg raug Huam Tij hab Yeem Tij muag tau lawm txhad rov taw tuam ntuj moog tauv paag dlej tso nyaab Txiv Yawg lub zog hab “nteg nwg rua Suav coj moog tua.” Qhov ntawd yog Huam Tij hab Yeem Tij siv tom txwv tua kom Hmoob rov tua Hmoob hab Hmoob sib faib, sib tawg es Suav txhad tau kaav yooj yim xwb vim Suav muaj ob lub hom phaj siv tom txwv xis le: 1) “Faib hab kaav”, 2) “Nrug Hmoob sib ntaus sib tua mas tsi muaj nub yeej tab sis ua kom Hmoob rov tua Hmoob mas yooj yim heev”. Ob lub ntsab lug ntawd qha meej lawm has tas tej zag yuav tsum yog Hmoob raug Suav muab “nyaj xoov hab muab nom xyeev” es Hmoob txhad “ntxeev sab tua Txiv Yawg xwb”. Txiv Yawg lub cev raug muab puab ua ib tug mlom ca rua nplaj teb tuab neeg tau saib cim has tas nwg yog Faaj Tim Hmoob nyob Tuam Tshoj.

Lub ntsab lug has tas “Faib hab kaav” yog ib lu lug qub kawg nkaus. Lub lug ntawd kuv muab ua tuab zoo saib mas yog thawj lub tswv yim kws Suav siv tua txhua haiv neeg nyob huv Tuam Tshoj kom pluj taag es Suav tau kaav lub teb chaws. Qhov kws lub teb chaws “Tuam Tshoj raug hloov ua Suav Teb,” kuv muab saib zoo-zoo mas yog vim tuab lub tom txwv ntawd xwb. Tsi taag le ntawd xwb, taam sim nuav Suav tseem siv kom tau kaav taag nrho saab teb chaws tawv dlaaj (Asia) hab.

Tam Peb Moov Nog: Hmoob raug Suav muab caum tua tawg ib tug moog nyob ib ceg teb tab sis thaum kawg 3 tug Hmoob txawj ntse rov lug sib sau tau. Sij hawm puab rov lug sib sau tau lawd, puab muab puab lub npe tis has tas “Moov Nog”. Lub npe Moov Nog ntawd ua rua Hmoob rov sib hlub sib koom teg. Qhov kev koom teg, sib ntseeg hab sib hum xeeb ua rua Hmoob rov yeej teb yeej chaw nyob kab ntsaab tau yuav laug 2000 xyoo.

Tam Tswb Tshoj: Hmoob vaam meej heev tab sis Hmoob raug puam tsuaj luj tshaaj plawg. Hmoob los raug tua yuav laug tu noob. Luas has tas noov qais luaj taum pauv (dlaaj) los muab tua kom taag tes yog zag ntawd. Hmoob ntaub ntawv los raug rhuav pov tseg taag nrho. Sij hawm ntawd, tshuav Muam Nkauj Ntxoo ib leeg ntse lawm xwb tes Muam Nkauj Ntxoo txhad muab Hmoob ntaub ntawv coj lug xaws ua paaj ntaub tw sev ca rua Hmoob khaws ua puav pheej lawm xwb. Lub sij hawm ntawd yog leej twg has lug ntau tes Suav muab hlais nplaig xwb. Hmoob txhad has ib txheej dlhau ib tis tas “txhob has lug tsaam Suav nov Suav hlais nplaig”.

Qhov Hmoob raug tsim txom zag ntawd yog vim:
1) Hmoob ntshaw nyaj (muab nyaj saib muaj nqes tshaaj lub teb chaws hab yug haiv neeg lawm).
2) Tej laug tej hluas tsi sib yoog.
3) Quav dlej quav cawv.

Tam ntawd, Suav nrug Hmoob sib ntaus sib tua tau ntau pua xyoo tab sis tsi muaj tug yeej tug swb. Suav pum tas nrug Hmoob sib ntaus sib tua ntxiv los yuav tsi muaj nub yeej. Yog le ntawd, Suav txhad tig rov lug hum xeeb tug tsuv rog. Hmoob tsi paub tab sis qhov tseeb yog “Suav nrhav tswv yim siv tom txwv tua kom Hmoob tu noob”. Thaum puab sib hum xeeb tau lawd, Suav le muab nyaj muag Huab Tais Hmoob. Sij hawm Huab Tais Hmoob qaug quav tes nwg tsi ncu txug lub teb chaws lawm, nwg ca le tso Suav tej tub rog hab pej xeem nkaag tuaj nyob huv Hmoob teb Hmoob chaw ywj sab. Choj Yeej kws yog ib tug tub hluas Hmoob txawj ntse paub tas yog Huab Tais Hmoob coj tug cwj pwm le ntawd, “lub teb chaws yuav raug poob”. Yog le ntawd, nwg txhad has kom Huab Tais tshem Suav tawm los Huab Tais tsi quav ntsej. Choj Yeej has tsi tau Huab Tais, “nwg txav txim sab moog dlha dlej tuag”. Thaum Suav pum tas Choj Yeej tuag lawm, Suav haj yam npuab Huab Tais qaab tshob kom Huab Tais Hmoob zoo sab.

Txug lub 9 hlis ntuj, Ceeb Leeb Vaaj has tas yog lub caij noj peb caug nua tab sis raws kuv paub mas lub cuaj hlis yog Hmoob noj taub yaaj. Taub yaaj yog noj lub caij taum laag txi (noj taum laag) vim tas peb caug yog noj lub 12 hlis.

Sij hawm Hmoob taab tom noj taub yaaj, Suav ua txuj qhuas has tas Hmoob muaj taub yaaj noj, Suav tsi muaj tes ca Suav qhwv ncuav txum puab noj nrug Hmoob nqaum paaj nqaum nruag tab sis qhov tseeb yog Suav siv tom txwv tua Hmoob xwb. Txhua-txhua lub ncuav txwm puab, Suav muab ib dlaim ntawv tso huv plawv. Dlaim ntawv ntawd, nwg has tas, “mo nuav peb muab Hmoob tua kom tu noob”. Suav nrug Hmoob nqaum paaj nqaum nruag txug thaum Hmoob qaug dlej qaug cawv taag lawd, “Suav le ua ib zag muab Hmoob nteg hab tua taag nrho”. “Cov nom tswv Hmoob tes Suav coj lub cev moog faus aav es tseg txij lub cej dlaab rua lub taub hau xwb.” Thaum Suav muab tsim txom txaus, “Suav maam xuav rag txav lub cej dlaab es tseg lub cev rua huv aav”. Tsi taag le ntawd xwb, Suav tseem muab Hmoob ntaub ntawv rhuav tshem pov tseg hab muab Hmoob teb chaws txeeb taag nrho coj moog kaav le lawm.

Suav tua Hmoob zag ntawd, Suav siv ob lub tom txwv. Lub ib, “yog Suav muab nyaj ntxag kom Huab Tais hab tej nom tswv qaug quav”. Lub ob, “yog Suav ua dlaim ntawv qhwv rua huv lub ncuav txum puab”. Qhov Hmoob raug puam tsuaj yog vim tej laug tsi yoog tej hluas hab ntshaw nyaj txag tau dlawb hwv.

Naj nub nua ib xyoos twg Suav ua ib lub koob tsheej ncu txug “Choj Yeej nub tuag”. Lub koob tsheej ntawd, Suav qhwv ncuav coj moog pov rua huv haav dlej. Lub koob tsheej ntawd zoo rua Suav heev tab sis phem rua Hmoob kawg nkaus vim “Choj Yeej tuag Suav txhad txeeb tau Hmoob lub teb chaws lawm”.

Ncu ntsoov tas Hmoob puam tsuaj zag ntawd yog ncuav txum puab tua xwb. Yog peb mob sab, tsim tsi nyog peb noj ncuav txum puab ntxiv lawm.

Suav tua Hmoob zag ntawd, Suav has tas “Nthua nroj yog tsi rhu caag, naag lug nroj rov sawv taag, nthua nroj yuav tsum rhu caag”. Yog vim le Suav lu lug ntawd, Suav txhad muab Hmoob tua kom tu noob hab muab tej ntaub ntawv ib puas tsaav yaam tsim txom kom pluj taag nrho tuab lub sij hawm ntawd. Tom qaab ntawd lub npe Hmoov Nog txhad raug muab pauv ua lwj ua lam taag le lawm. Tab sis Hmoob tseem muab Hmoob lub npe ca tuaj nruab sab qha ib tam dlhau ib tam. Luas pej kum haiv tsi nrug Hmoob hu los Hmoob laam hu Hmoob. Hmoob zoo le Hmoob yog ib tug miv nyuas ntsuag lawm xwb. Tam ntawd yog tam kws puab tug ntsaa yeej “Great Wall” nyob Tuam Tshoj.

Thaum peb paub tseeb lawm, puas ntsim peb sab? Yog peb txawj tu sab hab mob sab, peb tsim nyog pauv sab pauv ntsws es tig lug hum xeeb nyob ua ke sib hlub sib paab tiv thaiv kom peb Hmoob tsi txhob ntsib tej teeb meem ntawd ntxiv lawm.

Tam Tuam Los Yej: Hmoob kuj tsi tu noob. 821 xyoo tom qaab, Tuam Los Yej rov sawv ua huab tais dlua. Tam ntawd Hmoob sib hum xeeb hab nyob muaj noj muaj haus kawg nkaus vim Vaaj Ntxwv Los Yej tau teeb 4 lub hom phaj rua nwg ib yim tuab neeg ua kom tau xws le:
1) Tu tub tu kiv kom puv vaaj puv tsev.
2) Tu tsaj tu txhuv kom puv nkuaj.
3) Khwv nyaj khwv txaj kom puv naas.
4) Ua qoob ua loo kom puv txhaab.

Huab Tais Los Yej has tas yog leej twg muaj 4 yaam ntawd lawm tes yeej tsheej ib yim tuab neeg lawm. Thaum Tuam Los Yej teeb hom phaj tav lawd, nwg le tsim cov lug txaj sib hlub rua Hmoob kawm has kom Hmoob sib hlub. Yog le ntawd, tam ntawd, Tuam Los Yej cov lug txaj ua rua Hmoob sib hlub hab vaam meej kawg tab sis Suav ua rog tsi yeej los yog Suav sau tsi tau se ntawm Hmoob tes Suav txhad txua dlua ib cov lug txaj sib thuam sib lwv ua rua Hmoob sib tawg ua lwj ua lam tab sis Suav tseem kov tsi yeej Los Yej hab. Thaum kawg Suav tig rov ntaus phooj ywg rua Hmoob tes Huab Tais Suav ca le muab nwg tug ntxhais pub Huab Tais Los Yej yuav tis ua neej ua tsaav lawm xwb. Qhov Suav txua cov lug txaj sib lwv sib thuam ntawd yog Suav lub tom txwv kws Suav tua Hmoob tab sis Tuam Los Yej ntse tshaaj lawm txhad tua tsi tau xwb.

Tam Nuj: Tam ntawd muaj coob tug muaj suab npe tab sis tsuas yog kev txawj ntse xwb. Cov tshwm sim sij hawm ntawd yog Muam Nkauj Lag, Muam Nkauj See, Nuj sis Loob, Nuj toog Nuj Nplhaib Zaag, Nuj Yob Dlub, Puj Toog Muam Nkauj Faa, Vwj Paj Yag hab Tsaab Suj Mem. Nyob rua tam ntawd muaj ntau kob rog luj kawg nkaus tab sis paub tseeb tshaaj mas yog ob kob kws kawg nkaus es ua rua peb Hmoob tug fwj chim poob taag nrho. Ob kob rog ntawd yog Vwj Paaj Yag hab Tsaab suj Mem ua Tuam Thawj.

Nyob huv ob kob rog ntawd, raws le Ceeb Leej has mas yog “Maab hab Hmoob sib tua”. Cov rig tsho kws tog yeeb ncuab naab nyob huv tej yeeb yaaj dluab qha tau tas yog haiv neeg Maab lawm. Suav hu haiv neeg Maab hu ua “Maam Tshum”. Ywj Pheej kuj has txug tas haiv neeg kws tsim txom Hmoob nyob huv ob kob rog ntawd yog Maam Tshum.

Vwj Paaj Yag, tub peeb zeej, nwg yog ib tug tuab neeg muaj tsib xwm (keej) kawg nkaus hab tawv heev. Nwg yog ib tug thawj tub rog nyob huv kob rog xyoo 1795-1806. Vwj Paaj Yag nrug Maab sib ntaus sib tua tau 11 xyoos tab sis Maab kuj tua tsi yeej. Thaum kawg, “Paaj Yag raug nteg tau coj moog tua lawm”. Qhov Paaj Yag raug nteg ntawd Ywj Pheej tsi qha txug tab sis kuv xaav tas yeej yog muaj tug raug Maab siv tom txwv tua es Hmoob rov taw tuam ntuj nwg txhad raug nteg tau yooj yim npaum ntawd. Vwj Paaj Yag “raab ntaaj” tseem raug muab ceev rua huv ib lub chaw ca puav pheej (museum) nyob Tuam Tshoj.

Tsaab Suj Mem, peeb zeej tub rog, nwg kuj yog ib tug thawj peeb zeej kws txawj ntse, tawv hab muaj tsib xwm (keej) tshaaj plawg. Nwg nrug Maab sib tua tau 19 xyoos (1854-1873) tsi muaj tug yeej tug swb tab sis vim Hmoob tug cwj pwm phem kws “ntshaw nom hab ntshaw nyaj” txhad ua rua Maab lub “tom txwv raug nwg tuag lawm.” Lub tom txwv ntawd yog qhov Maab muab “mom tuaj xyeev rua tug tuab neeg ntshaw nom hab muab txhaj tuaj xoov (ntsaws) tug tuab neeg ntshaw nyaj”. Tug Hmoob ntawd xaav tas Maab (yeeb ncuab) tej lug dlaag ntawd yuav ua rua nwg nplua nuj hab nwg yuav tau teb chaws kaav, tab sis sij hawm nwg rov taw tuam ntuj nteg Tsaab Suj Mem rua yeeb ncuab coj moog tua taag lawd, nwg kuj raug yeeb ncuab coj moog tua pov tseg yaam txag txag tsi pub leej twg paub le lawm. Txij thaum ntawd lug txug naj nub nua Hmoob tsi tshuav ib thooj aav hab tsi nrug leej twg muaj fwj chim le lawm. Thaum yeeb ncuab caab Tsaab suj Mem hlaa ib lub zog dlhau ib lub zog, pej xeem nug tas “zoo le nuav lawm koj yuav has le caag?” Tsaab Suj Mem teb has tas “Mej tsi txhob zeem le, muaj ib nub twg kuv yeej yuav rov lug hlub mej xwb”. Tsaab suj Mem raug muab puab ua ib tug hlom tseg rua zeej tsoom tau saib ncu txug nwg lub meej mom nyob Tuam Tshoj.

Nyob huv Tam Nuj, Suav tau sau ib kaab ntawv rua ntawm phaab zeb has tas, “Yuav tsum tsim tsi pub kom Hmoob sawv taug.” Ceeb Leej has tas kaab ntawv ntawd Suav tau lam has tas yog haiv neeg Maab ua tug sau. Qhov tseem ceeb tes tub yog Suav tsi xaav leeg lub txim kev tsim txom Hmoob xwb. Qhov tseeb mas yog Suav tub teeb hom phaj tsim txom Maab ib yaam le tsim Hmoob lawm. Raws le Ceeb Leej tshawb mas taam sim nuav haiv neeg Maab tub pluj yuav taag. Lub tom txwv kws Suav siv tua Maab tes yog qhov Suav ntxag zoo-zoo hab qhuas kom Maab moog yoog Suav tej kaab lig kev cai, kev noj kev haus, kev naav tsoog naav tsho, hab has Suav lug ntawd ntaag. Suav siv le ntawd kom Maab pluj moog yaam txag-txag xwb.

Peb ua tuab zoo xaav saib Suav tub siv tom txwv tua Hmoob tau 5000 xyoo lawm yog vim le caag peb tsi paub le. Hmoob lub teb chaws zoo le lub hli mo 15 tab sis raug Suav muab tug tswv yim ntawd siv tom txwv tua ua rua pluj zoo le lub hli mo 30 tab sis tsi xab le lawm. Hmoob tug cwj pwm phem kws ntshaw nom hab ntshaw nyaj ntawd ua rua Hmoob swb tseev tsim hab poob teb chaws taag tab sis Hmoob txuj kev ntshaw tseem ua rua Hmoob tsi ncu txug Hmoob lub teb chaws hab Haiv Hmoob. Yeeb ncuab pum tas Hmoob tsi paub tes yeeb ncuab siv taag los siv dlua lug txug naj nub nua.

Yog peb to taub txug tej xwm phem ntawd lawm, tsim nyog peb muab tej kev ntshaw kws tsi muaj nqes ntawd tshem pov tseg. Txij nua moog leej twg txhawj ntse le caag nwg ua le ntawd hab leej twg muaj le caag siv le ntawd xwb tsi txhob ntshaw tshaaj qhov yug ua tau hab qhov yug muaj lawm es ca le sawv sib fwm saib Hmoob lub teb chaws puas rov txhawj xab le lub hli ntxiv lawm.

Maab hab Suav yog ob haiv neeg kws tsim txom Hmoob luj tshaaj plawg hab yog zag kawg kws Hmoob poob teb chaws. Yog le ntawd, taam sim nuav Hmoob ua dlaab tsi los Hmoob txhad tseem ncu ntsoov has txug Maab hab Suav xwb. Piv txwv, Hmoob naj nub has tas yuav moog ua Maab ua Suav sij hawm muaj teeb meem tsi sib hlub los yog has tas zoo nkauj le nkauj Maab hab zoo nraug cuag nraug Suav. Qhov ntawd qha tau tas yog Hmoob poob moog ua ib haiv neeg tsi muaj nqes lawm. Yog peb ua zoo xaav mas “tu sab kawg nkaus.”
Hmoob keeb kwm nyob Tuam Tshoj feem ntau yog lug ntawm Ceeb Leej Vaaj tab sis muaj ib feem yog lug ntawm Ywj Pheej Xyooj.

Tam Xov Tshoj: Muaj Tooj Pov, tub raag xub, nwg muaj taw teg zoo heev hab muaj tsib xwm (keej) kawg nkaus. Tooj Pov tso tau cov Hmoob kws ua Suav qhev ntawm nrim teb Suav hab Nplog (tuam tshoj hab xov tshoj) ntau phaav tug (cuaj roob cuaj haav) dlim lug rua xov tshoj. Yog le ntawd, Tooj Pov txhad has tas, “Txhob txhus caug noj mov lawm, txhus caug tsaam ua Suav qhev”. Vim thaum ntawd yog leej twg yuav noj mov mas Suav muab yuam txhus caug ua ntej. Nyob ntawm nrim teb ntawd, Suav muaj ib tug lab luj heev hab keej kawg nkaus. Yog leej twg yuav tsiv tawm tuam tshoj rua xov tshoj, tug ntawd yuav tsum nrug tug lab sib tawm tsaam. Yog leej twg yeej, tug ntawd txhad lug dlhau, yog leej twg swb, tug ntawd yuav tsum ua Suav qhev. Tooj Pov muaj ib qho taw teg tshwj xeeb tshaaj lwm tug, “yog ntaus qhov muag xwb”. Tooj Pov nrug Suav sib cog lug tas yog Tooj Pov swb, Tooj Pov ua Suav qhev tab sis yog nwg yeej, Suav yuav tsum tso kom taag cuaj roob cuaj haav nrug Tooj Pov lug rua xov tshoj. Thaum kawg tug lab swb Tooj Pov. Yog le ntawd, Tooj Pov txhad tso tau taag nrho cov Hmoob ntawd.

Keeb kwm ntawm Tooj Pov yog lug ntawm Ceeb Leej Vaaj.

Txij xyoo 1919 txug 1975, peb muaj 4 tug thawj nom Hmoob hab ib tug kws txuj (doctorate).

Paaj Cai yog ib tug thawj tub rog nrug kev ncaaj nceeg. Raws le Txooj Tsawb Yaaj has mas Paaj Cai tsi qha has tas nwg yog leej twg kwv leej twg tij los yog leej twg tug tub le tab sis nwg has tas nwg yog Xauv Tswb Vwj puab tug tub. Paaj Cai hu Xauv Tswb ua txiv ntxawm. Paaj Cai yog ib tug tuab neeg ntseeg lub Ntuj. Ib txha has tas Paaj Cai vwm tab sis lwm tug has tas yog Hmoob raug Faab Kis sau se nyaav heev los yog raug lwm haiv neeg saib tsi taug es Paaj Cai txhad sawv coj Hmoob tawm tsaam Faab Kis. Kuv muab ua tuab zoo saib mas yog lub Ntuj tshoj Paaj Cai sawv qha kev ncaaj nceeg rua Hmoob xwb. Thaum Hmoob pum tas Paaj Cai ua tau hab paub ntau yaam tes Hmoob xaav tas yog Paaj Cai sawv ua huab tais lawm tes Hmoob moog hawm hab thov kom Paaj Cai ca le sawv tawm tsaam Faab Kis xwb. Raws le Txooj Tsawb Yaaj cov lug mas Paaj Cai yeej tsi tau kaam ua tsuv rog vim lub Ntuj tsi tau tso has tas kom moog sib ntaus sib tua tab sis vim nwg tug txiv ntxawm Xauv Tswb maaj dlhau txhad tau sawv sib ntaus sib tua.

Paaj Cai pib ua rog xyoo 1919 moog txug xyoo 1921. Ntsug rog ntawd tshwm sim nyob huv lub Moos Vaij, Los Tsuas teb. Thaum chiv thawj Paaj Cai thov Ntuj taag mas Hmoob tawv le hlau tab sis thaum Hmoob siv Hmoob lub sab phem es Hmoob tsi ncu txug lub Ntuj lawm tes Hmoob phom cuag tsawb lawm xwb. Txhua zag kws yuav sawv kev moog ua rog, Paaj Cai hu Ntuj taag nwg muab tug chij txhus rua huv aav nwg kom ib tug muab rag ntxug nwg yeej tsi to le. Yog tas Paaj Cai sim los tsi to lawm, tsoom peeb zeej moog tua tsuv tua rog los yeej tsi laam tshaav leej twg le. Thaum Ntuj txav txim Paaj Cai swb tsuv rog zag ntawd yog “vim Vaaj Tuam Thaij tso nwg cov peeb zeej ua dlev ua npua rua ib paab quas puj Nplog kws tsiv lug thawj puab nrug ib cov quas puj Hmoob”. Puab muab cov quas puj ntawd ua dlev ua npua taag, “puab tseem muab tua hab muab phais txuj nyuv miv nyuas coj lug saib”. Sij hawm cov peeb zeej tub rog tsim tej kev phem kev qas ntawd taag lawd, Paaj Cai hu Ntuj taag los Paaj Cai tsi tawv le hlau tab sis nwg phom le tsawb lawm xwb. Yog le ntawd, Paaj Cai txhad raug swb lawm. Tsi taag le ntawd, nwg tseem raug tua lawm hab. Paaj Cai raug tuag rua lub 11 hlis nub tim 17, xyoo 1922.

Peb sim xaav saib, peb Hmoob txuj kev puam tsuaj ib tam dlhau ib tam yog vim dlaab tsi tag. Puas yog puam tsuaj lug ntawm txuj kev phem kev qas hab kev tsi ncaaj nceeg? Kuv xaav tas yog peb tsi txaus sab tso tej cwj pwm phem ntawd pov tseg, ntshai Hmoob yuav tsi rov lug tsheej ib haiv tuab neeg le lawm. Kuv xaav has tas ntshai kuv yog tug Hmoob kws tu sab tshaaj plawg ntsig txug Hmoob lub neej ntsuag kws yog tshwm sim lug ntawm txuj kev Hmoob tsim Hmoob. Txhua zag kuv has txug Hmoob lub neej ntsuag, kuv lub sab mob ib zaag ib zaag. Muaj qee zag ua rua kuv lub kua muag lug.

Tsi muaj leej twg paub tseeb tas Paaj Cai tuag los tsi tuag vim lub taub hau kws cov tuab neeg tua Paaj Cai nqaa moog rua Faab Kis tsi zoo le Paaj Cai tab sis yog muaj Paaj Cai raab phom ua pov thawj xwb. Tom qaab puab coj Paaj Cai lub taub hau moog cob Faab Kis lawd, puab rov lug txug tom kev na caag Yawg Qhua Kuam kws yog Paaj Cai ib tug thawj peeb zeej qaug kag rua nraag qaab ke tab sis tsi muaj taub hau hab ntshaav tub qhuav taag lawm. Qhua Kuam yog ib tug Hmoob kws ntxeev sab nrug Nplog tua Paaj Cai. Nwg txhais tau tas Paaj Cai tsi tuag tab sis hos tsi muaj leej twg pum nwg ntxiv le lawm.

Paaj Cai keeb kwm yog lug ntawm Ntsuab Teev Yaaj dlaim cassette.

Nplaj Yob Lauj, Kaib Toom, yog thawj tug nom Hmoob kws muaj suab npe nrov thoob teb chaws Nplog. Nwg yog tug sawv coj Hmoob tsim txuj kev #7 kws tuaj ntawm lub nroog Moos Xeem, Nyab Laaj Teb tuaj rua Xeev Khuam, Los Tsuas teb. Kaib Toom Nplaj Yob muab nyaj txag saib hlub. Kaib Toom Nplaj Yob muab Lauj Soob Ntxawm hab Lis Txhiaj Foom cov nyaj nqe zug kws ua txuj kev #7 txhaaj tseg. Qhov teeb meem ntawd ua rua ob tug tsi zoo sab. Soob Ntxawm tau sawv ua rog vwm tawm tsaam Kaib Toom Nplaj Yob. Txhiaj Foom tu sab, nwg coj nwg tsev neeg tawm moog nyob ntsug kom dleb nwg le tso nwg cov tub moog kawm ntawv sib tw yaav tom ntej. Thaum kawg, “Txhiaj Foom yog tug yeej vim kev kawm txuj ci muaj zug tshaaj”. Nyaj txag ua rua Hmoob sib tawg ua ob paab los yog Haiv Hmoob tsim muaj ob tug tseev tsim (kaas moos) sib ntaus sib tua lug txug naj nub nua. (1917- ?)

Lauj Kaib Toom Keeb Kwm yog tshawb lug ntawm Paaj Lis Lauj hab muab lug ntawm phau ntawv “Touby Lyfoung”. Tug sau yog Touxang Lyfoung.

Tub Npis Lis Foom, Phaya Damrong Rithikay, yog Hmoob thawj tug kws tseev tsim nyob Nplog teb. Nwg yog ib tug tuab neeg ncaaj nceeg, sab luj sab dlaav, hab txawj ntse. Phab Nya Tub Npis tau muab kev txawj ntse moog coj Hmoob peg toj roob hauv peg nqeg lug nrug Nplog nyob huv nroog hab nrug Nplog sib faib kev nom kev tswv. Tsi taag le ntawd xwb, nwg tseem muaj tug peev xwm huv tseev tsim nqeb tau tsev kawm ntawv pub miv nyuas Hmoob moog kawm txuj ci. Phab Nya Tub Npis ua sab luj sab dlaav nrug kev ncaaj nceeg puag pej xeem huab fwm tab sis thaum kawg nwg raug Nplog koom saa coj moog tsim txom tuag. Nyob huv Phab Nya Tub Npis lub neej, feem tseem ceeb tshaaj yog nwg ua hauj lwm paab Faab Kis hab Huab Tais Nplog, Sisavangvong. Nwg tau ua hauj lwm rua lub teb chaws Nplog txij xyoo 1945 txug nub nwg raug tsim txom xyoo 1983.

Tub Npis Lisfoom Keeb Kwm yog tshawb lug ntawm phau ntawv “Touby Lyfoung”. Tug sau yog Tub Xaab Lisfoom.

Nub Qub Dlawb Vaaj Pov, peeb zeej tub rog, nwg yog thawj tug Hmoob kws muaj meej mom sab tshaaj nyob huv phaab tug rog. Nwg tau Nub Qub Yim. Nwg muaj peev xwm kawg nkaus hab ntse heev. Nwg tau muab tug peev xwm nrug kev txawj ntse tiv thaiv txuj kev thaaj yeeb pub lub teb chaws Nplog tau ntau caum xyoo. Nub Qub Dlawb Vaaj Pov tau muab nwg lub fwv xyeej hab tug fwj chim txhawb Hmoob sawv nrug luas muaj vaaj huam hab tsaa tau lub npe Hmoob sawv rov lug. Ib qhov ntxiv, General Vang Pao tau sawv ua rog paab tseem fwv America (CIA) txav txuj kev Huj Cis Mees tuaj Nyab Laaj qaum teb moog ntaus Nyab Laaj qaab teb xyoo 1961-1975. Txug thaum kawg, “tseem fwv America ua tug swb,” “General Vang Pao txhad raug tawm teb chaws.”

Nub Qub Dlawb Vaaj Pov keeb kwm yog lug ntawm kuv tug kheej, Faiv Neeb Vaaj.

Yaaj Daus, kws txuj (doctorate), yog thawj tug Hmoob kws kawm ntawv sab tshaaj. Yaaj Daus yuav siv lub sij hawm hab nyaj txag ntau npaum le caag los puam chawj, nwg yeej tsi tso txuj kev kawm pov tseg. Qhov ntawd yog vim nwg ncos dlej sab kws nwg xaav thoov kev kom Hmoob paub nrug nplaj teb sib tw kev txawj ntse. Tsi taag le ntawd, Dr. Yang Dao tau sau ib feem huv nwg phau ntawv qha txug Hmoob lub npe rua nplaj teb lug paab General Vang Pao tug fwj chim hab lub fwv xyeej moog tsaa Hmoob lub npe kom sawv sai. Dr. Yang Dao tau kawm ntawv tav xyoo 1972. Nwg muaj sij hawm tsawg heev has txug qhov kws nwg lug paab tsim khu teb chaws Nplog vim lub teb chaws poob tsi pes tsawg xyoo tom qaab kawm ntawv tav. Tsi taag le ntawd, Dr. Yang Dao kuj raug xaiv moog koom pawg tswj fwm lub Tseem Fwv Sib Koom (Coalition Government) xyoo 1973 tab sis Nplog koom saa ua tsi raws tej lug cog tseg nwg txhad muab tso pov tseg tsiv tawm teb chaws.

Dr. Yang Dao keeb kwm yog lug ntawm kuv, Faiv Neeb Vaaj hab Dr. Yang Dao.

KEV SIB YOOG

Thaum kawg tes yog kev sib yoog xwb. Tom qaab peb pum hab paub txug Hmoob lub neej nyob huv Hmoob keeb kwm hab peb lub kua muag xyoo 1975 lawd, kuv thov peb txhua leej txhua tug yuav “nyob lub teb chaws twg los puam chawj”, kws “lub npe hu ua Hmoob” ca le muab tug cwj pwm kev puam tsuaj tso pov tseg es khaws nkaus tug cwj pwm kev vaam meej lug coj. Kuv thov peb txhua leej txhua tug, txhua txuj kev ntseeg, kev nom kev tswv, kev laag kev luam, kev lig kev cai hab txhua yaam huv Hmoob lub neej tuab si ca le tig lug sib yoog nyob ua ke rua huv lub npe Hmoob es sib hlub, sib paab, sib txhawb, sib nqaa, hab nyob hum xeeb.

Kuv thov peb txhua tug kws yog Hmoob leeg paub tas lub npe Hmoob zoo nkaus lub hav txwv hos peb tej kaab lig kev cai, kev coj noj coj ua, hab ib puas tsaav yaam huv peb lub neej zoo le tej dlej cag peg tej toj roob hauv peg xwb. Peb yuav muaj pes tsawg txuj kev los peb ncu ntsoov tas peb yeej yog Hmoob xwb.

Yog le ntawd, kuv thov peb Hmoob txhua leej txhua tug tseg tsi txhob sib ntxub sib ntxaug hab sib txob sib thuam ntxiv lawm. Tsi taag le ntawd, kuv thov peb muab peb tej kev sib chib nyeej tsuj nthi tuaj ntawm taw. Peb ca le nyob sib yoog, sib zaam txim, sib hum xeeb, txaav zog ua ib paab, txoog zog ua ib pawg, hab sawv tseeg tuaj ib tog es “sib tuav teg tuaj peb moog nrhav saib peb tug chij nyob hov twg lawm”.

Kuv sau tso tseg le nuav, tom ntej muaj los yog pum yaam twg zoo hab tsim nyog maam ntxiv rua.